The Birmingham Corporation Water Department was responsible for the supply of water to Birmingham from 1876 to 1974. It was also known as Birmingham Corporation Waterworks Department.
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The earliest formal supply of water was offered by the Birmingham Waterworks Company. In 1808 notice of a Bill was given in Parliament for a scheme to provide Birmingham with an organised supply of water. It was opposed, and in 1809 a meeting considered the proposal, appointed a committee, and rejected the idea of the waterworks. A second Bill was rejected in 1811. It was not until 1826 that Parliament granted powers constituting
"the Company of Proprietors of the Birmingham Waterworks for the purpose of providing a sufficient and constant supply of good and wholesome water for domestic, manufacturing and other purposes"
The area to be supplied used only the River Tame. The initial supply was intermittent. In 1849, the Corporation made agreement with the Company for a constant supply in certain districts. By 1853 a constant supply was universal.
The Grade II listed[1] Birmingham Waterworks Tower at Edgbaston Reservoir was designed by John Henry Chamberlain and built in 1870. The reservoir was first built to feed the canals, a hundred years previously.
By 1873 the total quantity supplied was around 3,000 million imperial gallons (14,000,000 m3) per annum.
The Birmingham Corporation Act of 1875 empowered Birmingham Corporation to purchase the Birmingham Waterworks Company. Takeover was orchestrated by Joseph Chamberlain Mayor of Birmingham and completed on 1 January 1876 for the sum of £1,350,000 (£94,123,430 as of 2012)[2]. Chamberlain declared to a House of Commons Committee
We have not the slightest intention of making profit...We shall get our profit indirectly in the comfort of the town and in the health of the inhabitants
The Rivers Bourne and Blythe, Plant's Brook and Perry Stream were used as sources. The Corporation dug six wells at Aston, Short Heath, King's Vale, Perry Barr, Selly Oak, and Longbridge. These provided 20 million imperial gallons (91,000 m3) per day. There were 14 reservoirs with a total capacity of 628.5 million imperial gallons (2,857,000 m3).
By 1891 population growth in the city was outstripping supply.
The Birmingham Corporation Water Act passed in 1892 authorised the purchase of land in South Wales on the upper portion of the Rivers Elan and Claerwen. Three reservoirs on the Elan and three on the Claerwen were authorised, together with an aqueduct to carry the water to Birmingham. The engineer for the Elan aqueduct scheme was James Mansergh. Construction work started in 1893 and the Elan Valley Railway was built to aid construction.[3] King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra performed the official opening on 21 July 1904 although building works were not completed towards the end of 1906.
The Elan aqueduct discharged into two reservoirs at Frankley Reservoir at Frankley and Bartley Reservoir at Bartley Green.[4]
The capacity of the aqueduct was increased with work starting in 1919. By 1921, two 42-inch-diameter (1,100 mm) mains from Wales delivered about 25 million imperial gallons (110,000 m3) per day.
Birmingham Corporation Water Department existed until 1974 when, under the Water Act 1973, its responsibilities were transferred to the Severn Trent Water Authority which is now Severn Trent Water.
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